Примеры союзов
Contrast
but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.
"The book is short but / yet interesting"
in spite of / despite: It is placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
"He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late"
although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that: followed by a complete sentence. They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need to use a comma after the clause.
"Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams."
however, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary:
"He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school"
while, whereas
"This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring"
Reason and cause
because, as since, seeing that:
"Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we should go home"
because of, on account of, owing to, due to:
"Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home"
in order to, so as to, to:
"She uses her video in order to / so as to / to record TV programmes"
Add information
for example, for instance, such as:
"Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C"
more over, furthermore, besides, in addition to:
"In addition to soul music, she likes rap"
apart from, except for:
"Apart from English, she speaks French".
Succession
– First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First…
– Second / Secondly / Then…
– Third / Thirdly / After that…
– The next stage…
– Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…
Result
As a result of:
"As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal."
Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason:
"Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test."
Order
First paragraph
At first sight:
First:
First of all:
In the first place:
To start with:
Second paragraph
In the second place:
Second:
Secondly:
Third:
Thirdly:
Conclusion
Finally:
In conclusion:
Lastly:
And eventually:
Adding information
apart from:
in addition:
in addition to:
What’s more:
moreover:
on top of that:
besides:
On the one hand:
On the other hand:
and eventually:
Contrast
all the same:
however:
instead of:
in spite of / despite:
nevertheless:
on the contrary:
whereas / while:
though / although:
Reason
because of + noun:
due to + noun:
due to the fact that + sentence:
for this / that reason:
owing to + noun:
owing to the fact that + sentence:
Result
as a result:
because of:
consequently:
so:
that's why:
therefore:
Expressing facts
actually:
as a matter of fact:
in fact:
really:
Expressing a personal opinion
as far as I am concerned:
from my point of view:
I agree:
I disagree:
in my opinion:
in my view:
I think that:
it is true that:
personally:
to be honest,
to tell the truth,
Explain
that is (to say):
in other words:
in short:
above all:
all in all:
at least:
basically:
especially:
essentially:
in general:
in particular:
more or less:
on the whole:
to a certain extent:
Exemplifying
and so on:
for example:
for instance:
such:
Summarizing
all in all:
in brief:
in conclusion:
in short:
on the whole:
to sum up:
Sequencing
after that:
all of a sudden:
Finally:
First of all:
in the end:
in the meantime:
meanwhile:
next:
suddenly:
then:
while:
